Aristote and Platon : mythical philosophers.
Aristote :
Aristote was born in 384 before Jesus Christ in Macedonia (situated in the North of Greece and Aegean Sea) . He is the son of the doctor Nicomaque. Between 367 and 347, he follows the education of Platon to the academy of athenes which is a school of philosophy. In the death of its master, Aristote goes away from Athens and bases a péripatétique school to Assos where he teaches the philosophy.
Aristote will be during century reference in all the domains pheasant the object of discussions, ban and refutation. Aristote is the father of the zoology, the metaphysics and the biology.
His classification of the human beings will be of use as prototype to the classifications of the XVIIIth century, more than twenty one centuries later he. The thought of Aristote reached until us, French of the XXIth century through translations and through comments of the philosophers Arabic as Avicenne and Averroès when Aristote's work. In the XIIIth century, holy Thomas d' Aquin tries to reconcile the faith revealed by writings and the philosophy aristolécienne.
Platon :
Plato was born into an aristocratic family. His name Aristocles quickly changed to that of Plato. He studied literature, mathematics, music and gymnastics. Plato was destined for a brilliant political career. But Athens is weakened by the Peloponnesian Wars and the Athenian democracy is in crisis.
In -407, Plato is 20 years old, he met Socrates and became his student and disciple. This encounter made him give up the arts to philosophy.
Socrates was sentenced to death in -399. Plato believes that only then philosophy can establish a just political order, chooses exile. He traveled and went to Italy, Syracuse, where he meets the Pythagoreans and tries to practice his political ideas to Dionysius the Elder. It is a failure.
Plato returned to Athens (about 387), where he founded a school of philosophy that will be called the Academy. It teaches philosophy as well as mathematics and gymnastics. Teaching is lavished form of dialogues in which he outlined his philosophy featuring the figure of the philosopher Socrates most often surrounded by various people: intellectuals, young nobles of Athens, politicians, or poets. Among the most brilliant students is Aristotle - the only one to really compete with the master.
Plato will visit again in Syracuse to advise Dionysius. This is another failure.
Plato died in Athens in -347 without being able to realize his dream of an ideal city where just would not be sentenced to death and in which philosophers are kings, or the kings philosophers
